Essay on Skills for an Effective Communication - 1261 Words

As an early childhood educator being able to communicate effectively is very important; without the ability to do so would make it very difficult to successfully teach children and build working relationships with parents and staff. Communicating is the ability to connect with others by exchanging ideas and feelings both verbally and non-verbally. Verbal communication can consist of spoken conversations (face to face or phone calls) or written messages (letters, emails newsletters). Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, body language, eye contact, tone and pauses and is less direct but just as important. Good communication skills are essential for anyone working in the early childhood industry, because being able to†¦show more content†¦This is an example of children learning through nonverbal communication, if a child was frequently misbehaving in class and the teacher reacted in a negative way towards them each time then the other children might believe th at they should think of the child that way too (Stanulis Manning, 2002, p.3). Students depend on their teacher for guidance, feedback and structure throughout their learning process. If a teacher is not communicating correctly the student could misinterpret or lose grasp of what is actually being said. An EPPE study that was conducted in 2003 highlighted the fact that students who had highly skilled early childhood teachers received better outcomes than those who did not. The results showed that teachers with better training knew how to effectively communicate with children who in turn had a major impact on their development (Cooper, 2010, p.17). The ability to communicate is an essential life skill for all children; until a child’s communication skills have been fully developed they are unable to reach their full potential (Cooper, 2010, p.2). It is best to always pronounce words clearly and use correct grammar when speaking with children as most of them can understand more than what they can say (Meggit Walker, 2004, p.163). How you communicate with a child can determine whether your instructions are followed or not. For example, instructing a child ‘not’ to do something would be less effectiveShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication And Communication Skills Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagestogether as a team to collaborate, delegate and consult. In order for this team effort to be effective, good communication skills must exist between medical professionals. Many times, messages can be altered and interpreted differently; if the conditions for transmission barriers develop. External barriers and internal barriers, such as confusion and mental status can hinder effective communication. Communication can be both verbal and nonverbal, and it is important to understand that different culturesRead MoreCommunication Skills For Effective Communication929 Words   |  4 Pages Based on your examples from each principle of effective communication (General, Interpersonal and Written), describe the potential barriers (problems) to effective communication in the presentation, as well. Remember to state the problem and then how this can affect communication. Introduction I am going to describe how communication skills are used effectively in the presentation. General Communication Skills General communication skills are a way of expression or exchanging ideas and thoughtsRead MoreCommunication Skills : Effective Communication1656 Words   |  7 Pages Communication Skills Effective communication skills The health and social worker must be able to communicate effectively with a wide range of patients or clients. Babies Adolescents Young adults Older people Other health worker Doctors Nurses Teachers Police Social workers There are mainly three types of communication skills: Verbal Non verbal Written Communication can take many forms. Lack of effective communication between the care workerRead MoreEssay on Effective Communication Skills1315 Words   |  6 Pagesto becoming an effective leader is to develop effective communication skills. Communication is the transmission of meaning from one person to another or to many people, whether verbally or non-verbally (Barrett, 2006). Effective communication enables leaders to lead. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to covey. As a leader, studying the communication process is important. Communication skills, including the abilityRead MoreEssay on Effective Communication Skills1308 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, what is often overlooked is the value of possessing effective communication skills to build relationships among one’s peers and leaders. For without the possession of effective communication skills one may find it difficult to not only succeed but also advance in the work place. Specifically in the field of education, where leaders are faced daily with challenging tasks, commitments, and deadlines, having effective communication skills is detrimental in creating a positive school climate inRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Important905 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication skills are important no matter who an individual is talking to, but they are vital when it comes to talking to someone who has either been a victim or a witness of a crime. A victim is at their most vulnerable state so they need to be talked to delicately and have support. Often times, witnesses of a crime are overlooked and are not questioned and they may have valuable information that could help a victim recover from the crime and give them justice. Communication in victimologyRead MoreEffective Communication And Interpersonal Skills942 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership skills have â€Å"the ability to influence others, through effective communication and interpersonal skills† (American Sentinel University). Commonly, directors and senior nurse managers are confined to a different schedule than bedside nurses; working outside of clinical practice and patient interaction and focusing primarily on addressing organizational issues, increasing morale and productivity among staff all while increasing the quality of patient care. Effective communicati on and the abilityRead MoreGuidelines For Effective Communication Skills1867 Words   |  8 PagesApply Effective Communication Skills in Nursing Practice ESSAY Name: Maree Bolba D R A F T COMMUNICATION Define â€Å"Communication.† Communication is an interactive process where an individual transmits a message to another individual or a group. ‘Human communication is an ongoing dynamic series of events in which meaning is generated and transmitted.’ (Potter Perry, 2000 pp 271) In saying so there are two main factors when communicating, them being the verbal or non-verbalRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesListening is a vital element of communication and it is very much different from hearing sense of human. A meaningful communication requires both a good listener and a speaker. However, the effect of a listening style may vary depending on the occasions and situations a listener is in. Sometimes, speaker exhibit ineffective style such as defensiveness, ambushing, pseudo-listening, stage hogging and selective listening in their communication tracks. I am a good listener because I pay my wholeRead MoreApply Effective Communication Skills6081 Words   |  25 Pagesat least five factors that could contribute to the success of a team. - Effective communication -Constructive criticism -Focus on the issues/goals -Working within the rules/policies -Active listening 3. Suggest at least five factors that could hinder the development of an effective team. - Unclear Goals - Conflicts between personalities - Interactions between team members (lack of quality) - Poor Communication - Unclear roles within the group dynamics. Activity 2.5 You have been

Ethics Reflection Paper Free Essays

Before WorldCom and Enron, many organizations unconditionally placed social and ethical responsibility with administrative legal and compliance obligations, regulations and rules. Today, a company’s ethical behavior is vital to the success of the company. Consumers not only expect but demand that a company is visible in their practices and are held accountable for their actions; be it through internal regulations and rules through the involvement of the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Reflection Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper, there will be discussions of the social responsibility and role of ethics as it relates to the development of a strategic plan and how the ethical perspective of the author’s perspective has evolved through the studies of the Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) program. In business strategic plans, the management team of the company should integrate ethics and by also asking three basic questions, â€Å"What values do we have†, â€Å"What is our purpose† and â€Å"What do we stand for† according to Robert Finocchio, Dean’s Executive Professor of Santa Clara University. Ethical behavior cannot simply be written /noted in a mission and/or vision statement and should not just be something that a company should declare on the front steps of their offices. Customers and shareholders demand much more from organizations as ethical behavior is very vital. Ethical behavior should be considered the cornerstone of organization cultures and is crucial that all levels of management appropriately communicate the business policies and procedures and the ethical stance the organization takes to the employees. According to the Ethics Awareness Inventory, ethics is identified as moral principles and rules that promote the behavior of individuals that live in society (Fisher, 2008). Business ethics is referred to as the principles that organize the behavior of employers and employees (Hartman, 2004). Without imposing on the ethical boundaries of business or society, a company is expected to organize their practices. In regards to Social responsibility, this can be identified by the current oil spill brought on by BP. The issue with the oil spill surrounding BP Oil Company has been all over the news over the last couple weeks. There has not been one television, newspaper, news program station that has not centered their focus on the amount of damage caused throughout the waters of North America. The oil spill has been addressed by the current president Obama and the steps the government will take to ensure the organization BP appropriately handles the spill accordingly. The public relations department along with the CEO has made media appearances and implemented commercials to advise the world that funds have been set aside to aid in the areas directly affected by the spill. By BP recognizing and responding to the legal and social responsibilities and obligations, the organization can carry out the actions as currently outlined above. This shows that the organization took ownership for their actions and demonstrated a collaborative effort to include the employees of BP’s their communities and suppliers in which they operate as well as the extent the company many attempts to clean up the spill and protect the environment. During this course, it appears that the author’s ethical perspectives have evolved over the past year. When completing the DQ’s due for this week, Enron was one of the companies that was first to come to mind when ethics was the topic of discussion. One might even say that Enron is the â€Å"most discussed company† for all things done unethical. During this program, the author’s perspective evolved as a result of the author being discovered that the end-result of Enron failure was motivated ethically, the company itself was unsound ethically in the mere beginning. Some may question how could this be; however, from the readings on the organization, Enron was unethical from the start. Enron was in the business to sell natural gases and electricity. The purchasing and selling natural gas and electricity is not something that would necessarily be considered an ethical business. How this organization was handled was very strange on unprofessional. Strategic planning taught valuable lessons such as ethics, honesty and trust in which should be incorporated into the core foundation of the organization which to includes conducting business in an ethical way. Being transparent is another concept learned in the chapters of ethical behavior. From the information gathered on Enron, the organization was anything but transparent to the shareholders and its customers or stakeholders. Communicating the ethical stance of the company to all level employees is one of the most important concepts learned about ethics. Obviously, the ethical behaviors would not be on Enron’s list of ethical behavior list. While the Enron scandal unambiguously is the most popular figure of obstinate corporate corruption and fraud, there were some good tips that came of this for all organizations. As a result of the misuse of the organization mission/vision/value statement for Enron, this caused the organization to go under; hundreds of employees losing their jobs, jail time, criminal records and fines to be paid. When the organization started to report large numbers, the employees were encouraged to buy shares of Enron. The executives of Enron were considered bullies to the investment companies as they would pay someone to get rid of a firm that would question their stock. From this big corporate disaster, the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 was formed. The SOX act made it an obligatory practice for all companies, small and large to comply with accounting practices to restrain accounting and corporate scandals. This act does not apply to privately held companies. Social responsibility and Ethics in businesses are very vital in the world today. There are many factors that encourage businesses to function in a socially and ethical manner. These reasons are currently included in the belief system within an organization, government regulations and everyday frequent sense of intelligence. Consumers of an organizations product and shareholders are demanding ethics and social responsibilities. Currently, in today’s organizations, the expectation now is to interact, react and act in a manner that is positive with their customers and go over and beyond the call of duties to sustain simplicity. How to cite Ethics Reflection Paper, Essay examples Ethics Reflection Paper Free Essays When explaining the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan, the stakeholders need to be considered. So it’s not just customers and employees now you have these people who have invested in your company. â€Å"Each of these interest groups has justifiable reasons for expecting (and often for demanding) that the firm satisfy their claims in a responsible manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Reflection Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now In general, stockholders claim appropriate returns on their investment; employees seek broadly defined job satisfactions; customers want what they pay for; suppliers seek dependable buyers; governments want adherence to legislation; unions seek benefits for their members; competitors want fair competition; local communities want the firm to be a responsible citizen; and the general public expects the firm’s existence to improve the quality of life. † There are two kinds of stakeholders the inside ones and the outside ones, the issues are that they both look at the company mission for a social responsibility towards society and at the same time the financial interests of the stockholders. For example an outside stakeholder may demand that an insider would be subordinated for the well being of the society and vice versa. This starts to get complex by thinking you’re running a company that needs to make a profit to succeed but at the same time must answer to a social responsibility and particular ethics point of view. An example of a company being socially responsible while making a profit is Toyota. They make the top selling Prius which is the hybrid that leads in developing efficient gas-electric vehicles. There are four types of social responsibilities for which strategic planners must plan, which are: economic, legal, ethical and discretionary. In economic is assumed that the company is providing goods and services at a cost that’s reasonable. In legal responsibilities the company must adhere to the laws that regulate it. In ethical responsibilities the company must have a notion of right and wrong that’s well defined and most of all ethical. In discretionary responsibilities are those that voluntary and throughout those sometimes the company tries to enhance their image. Ethics â€Å"refers to the moral principles that reflect society’s beliefs about the actions of an individual or a group that are right and wrong. † The perception of ethics in business has currently hit a all time low, this could be due to the never ending recession and others. Throughout the program my view of ethics in the workplace has evolved and is no longer so black and white anymore. I have learned that the ethical perspective of a individual not necessarily is the same view of a organization. The company has to think about the whole company and also the impact on society. While the individual’s perspective come from him alone, and how he vies society. References: Casio, W. (2005). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits 7th Edition New York Mac Graw-Hill. University of Phoenix. (2010). InterClean Scenario [Computer Software]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Simulation, HRM/531 Mondy, R. (2008). Human Resource Management 10th Edition Prentice Hall. How to cite Ethics Reflection Paper, Papers Ethics Reflection Paper Free Essays Ethics Reflection Paper Patricia Holt SRT 581 February 25, 2013 Jill Hagist Ethics Reflection Paper The purpose of writing this paper is to reflex on the issues of ethics in strategic planning. Another purpose is to explain how ethics and social responsibility in developing a stategic plan for a company. Lastly, the paper will consider how both ethics and social respnsibility considers stakeholder(s) needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Reflection Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Strategic Plannig Knowing that ethics is a major fundamental principle in people or groups of people, such as businesses, importance of this awareness these groups have to achieve working knowledge of ethics so that they do not upset others around them. Socially businesses have to also take in their responsibility in the stategic planning because businesses have a responsibility to do their activities to meet bigger commitments towards the society and the environment (Abdullah, 2013). Strategic planning is very important and is a primary action in the corporate world which the company uses their upper level management to articulate the organization’s strategy, direction, and in deciding important elements for the organization (Abdullah, 2013). Stakeholders Needs Stakeholders are part of strategic planning because they hold a major part of influence in how a company will do things to satisfy their needs. Stakeholders are basically everyone that has a stake in the business. The stakeholders view of a compay responsibility are Stockholders, Creditors, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, Government, Unions, Competitors, Local communities, and the general puplic (Pearce, 20110). Personal Ethical Perspective Evolved As requested from the class syllabus Patricia Holt retook the Ethics Awareness Inventory for better understanding of her personality traits. After taking the Ethics Awareness Inventory she found that she was high in the ethical perspective of Character (C). This showed her that she tended to base her perspectives on what is considered the right thing to do. Also in the Character perspective she believes that ethics should focus on ways to help achieve moral excellence (Pearce, 2011). That she looked for virtue in people such traits as honor, justice and benevolence, considering virtue as a concrete aptitude and not an abstract principle (EUI, 2012). The summary of the EAI SCORING SUMMARY — 2/25/2013 The Williams Institute for Ethics Management Ethics Awareness Inventory – Gain New Insight Into Your Ethical Perspective C-O-R-E Categories: C – CHARACTER O – OBLIGATION R – RESULTS E – EQUITY Most Likely Scores: Character = 8 Obligation = 8 Results = 3 Equity = 5 Least Likely Scores: Character = 2 Obligation = 2 Results = 8 Equity = 12 Combined Scores: Character = 6 Obligation = 6 Results = -5 Equity = -7 Ethical Profiles: Most Likely = Character Least Likely = Equity Conclusion Organizations have obligations to individuals and communities as a whole to behave ethically. Ethics are principles that one considers as right or wrong and after taking EAI Patricia found that she has not changed in her views and concepts. She still considers a person’s character is based his or her ethical perspective on â€Å"what it is good to be, rather than what it is good to do† (EAI, 2012). References Abdullah, A. , (2013). Five Important Issues of Ethical and Social Responsibility in the Strategic Planning Process, eHow Contributor. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_8618109_five-responsibility-strategic-planning-process. html Ethical Awareness Inventory (2012). Ethical Awareness Inventory, Gain New Insight Into Your Ethical Perspective. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/Vendors/TWI/EAI/ Pearce, J. A. , II, Robinson, R. B. (2011). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (12th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. How to cite Ethics Reflection Paper, Papers

Development and Assessment of a New Model For Frp Patch

Question: Describe about the Development and Assessment of a New Model For Frp Patch. Answer: General: After reading the heading of the provided dissertation, the reader will first get confused as teh heading reads genetic programming in the simulation of frp-to-concrete patch-anchored joints. This signifies that the dissertation is based on the role of the genetic programming in the simulation of the frp-to-concrete patch-anchored joints where as in the abstract it is clearly mentioned that the dissertation is based on the development of the new anchorage strength model using genetic programming (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). For the readers there are headings and sub headings have been provided throughout the dissertation. The headings and the subheadings of the dissertation are apt for the purpose of the research study and rightly describes the content but there is possibility to improve the headings and the sub-headings by making them more concise and relevant. Throughout the dissertation it can be seen that the theories and conclusion have properly supported by the relevant theor ies and proper explanation is provided for the interpretation of the results obtained in the research study and are supported by facts from practical data and the research work carried out by the earlier authors. Going through the complete research study it can be said that except of certain modifications the paper hold together as a coherent and complete piece of work. Abstract In the abstract the author has clearly described the purpose of the research study i.e to use available experimental data on patch-anchored joints to develop a new anchorage strength model using genetic programming hence the main purpose of the abstract which is to inform the readers what the research study is all about is served by this abstract (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). Though the introduction defines the benefit of the new model but it should have provided a view of the various techniques and processes specific to this field of study that was used during the research study. Though the introduction is sufficient for this research study and properly sets the scene for the further research. The outline for the development of the model is not clearly stated in the introduction. Further the introduction lacks in one more area, the brief of the conclusion is not provided in the introduction. The introduction does not describe whether the end result that was obtained satisfied the p urpose of carrying out the research study. First chapter The introduction of the chapter was inadequate the writers have not clearly explained the hypothesis, aims and objectives of the research study clearly and separately. In the first chapter the author has primarily concentrated on the background information and the summary of the experimental work that has been done on the topic of the patch-anchored joints. But the chapter does not describe the background concepts and the information on the basis of which the experiment was initiated by the researchers. In order to understand the main purpose of the research study not much of an effort is required and the summary of the research study clearly describes the path that has been taken by the researchers in order to carry out the research study. The first chapters lacks in the adequate description of the background to the problem which lead to the investigation . It only gives a gist of the problem. The back ground and the rationale does not clearly define the purpose of the experiment as the writer has himself said that the research work was carried out in a very limited data sets and further experiments are required the model to be modified to account for the strength of the saturant adhesive, which was found to influence the failure mode of the anchor and the overall strength achieved. This clearly shows that the purpose of the carrying out the research activity was not completely successful. Though the researchers have given proper explanation about the various independent and the dependent variables and established a proper relationship in order to attain the results, they have failed to set up proper research questions before carrying out the research activity (Her and Liu, 2012). They have primarily focused just on the development of the model. Since no clear hypothesis is provided by the authors in the dissertation thus it is not possible to test the hypothesis of the research topic. The writers have defined the scope and the limitations of the research stud y in the first chapter which helps the readers to understand the quality of the research study hence it can be said that the writers were honest in their assessment of their research study. The limitations of the research study were somehow relevant and in congruence with the conclusion of the research study. The overview of the dissertation is given in the first chapter and it clearly describes the various stages that has been followed for the development of the new model for the patch-anchored joints. The objectives have not been clearly identified but since the steps of the process followed in the research study has been explained in detail along with the purpose of carrying out those steps thus it is possible to acknowledge the objectives of the research study from this section. Literature Review There were several questions were raised on the literature review. Not many citations were included by the authors in the literature review and many citations were repeated throughout the research study. The literature review is not confined to specific section and is spread to the entire dissertation as various other research works has been quoted and cited in the subsequent sections of the research study. the literature review is though relevant to the scope and aim of the dissertation (Budka, 2009). All the citations have been properly referenced but there is a requirement for more citations. The entire dissertation was based on just thirty references. Since there are multiple works which has been done either on the same topic or on the allied topics thus it is important that the authors should have used more scholarly works in their research study so as to gain more insight into the research works that has been carried out on the topic. Further most of the scholarly work that has been used in the dissertation is very old mainly in the 1990s. And most of the references that have been used are based on the journals and very few references are given from the websites and other sources (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). The literature review does not relate to all the topics of the research study. Further there are no significant value judgments of the literature nor have the findings of the literature review of the different works been clearly stated in this section. Methodology The proposed methodology that has been used by researchers in the research study is very hard to follow. It would have been better if the researchers have described properly the methods. The extent of the data collected is limited but it served the scope of the research study (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). Most of the data that has been collected have been from the secondary sources that is most of the datasets were collected from the published data sets. Thus most of the data were collected from the secondary sources and there was either nill or few data used in the research study which were collected from the primary data sources. The sample size of the data is sufficient to draw a significant conclusion. The methodology that has been adopted is proper and appropriate for attaining the purpose behind carrying out this research activity. There were no significant alternative methodologies considered in the research study as the research study was significantly based on the application of the genetic programming in the development of model frp-to-concrete patch-anchored joints (Anch and Laposky, 2000). The choice for selecting a particular method of research was justified beforehand and the instruments that has been used in the research study is appropriate for the research study. There were various evidence which shows that the instruments were calibrated such as Numerical finite element simulations were conducted which were able to capture the pre-peak and post-peak response of the patch-anchored joints to a high level of accuracy, once calibrated with the numerical data Analysis of the result: The research has clearly stated the outcomes of the research study. The outcomes of the research are: The average absolute errors (AAEs) for each model clearly indicate that the GP model is superior in accuracy, resulting in an AAE value of 6.7% compared with 11.04% for the SE model (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). The maximum error exhibited by both models was _19.6% and _35.7% for the GP and SE models (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). Parametric studies on both SE and GP models highlighted similar trends in parametric behavior between the two models. However, both equations should be used within the range of parametric values used to derive the expressions (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). The results thus given shows that the researcher atleast able to satisfy the major party of the scope of the research. The results section has properly described the graphical and the statistical process that was used to represent the data. Conclusion and recommendation: the conclusion section states that the research study presented the development and assessment of a new model for FRP patch-anchor strength prediction based on a generic programming (GP) modeling approach. It recommended to use wide range of data sets to develop a more holistic model (Kalfat and Al-Mahaidi, 2015). References Anch, A. and Laposky, A. (2000). Rat sleep and eye movement density as biological markers of demyelinating disease. Physiology Behavior, 71(3-4), pp.269-275. Bartuek, M. (1968). Indium in Magnesiumlegierungen, die anch Zirkonium und Seltene Erden enthalten. Z. Anal. Chem., 233(6), pp.445-445. Budka, J. (2009). Neues zu den Nutzungsphasen des Monumentalgrabes von Anch-Hor, Obersthofmeister der Gottesgemahlin Nitokris (TT 414). AEundL, 18, pp.61-86. Budka, J. (2011). Varianz im Regelwerk. Bestattungsablufe im Monumentalgrab von Anch-Hor, Obersthofmeister der Gottesgemahlin Nitokris (TT 414). AEundL, 20, pp.49-66. Ewart, John L., Graves, Ed., Herrala, Leo, Keith, Charles, and Patch, Della. A Guide for Self-Improvement in Science Teaching. Portland, Oregon: Portland Public Schools, 1953. 29 p. (1955). Science Education, 39(2), pp.180-180. Her, S. and Liu, S. (2012). Load transfer in adhesive double-sided patch joints. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 28(14-15), pp.1517-1529. Holtz, R. and Swenson, C. (1985). Use of indium solder to patch leaks in silver-solder joints on cryostats. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 56(2), p.329. Jaschek, W. (1956). Der Einfluss von Legierungspartnern auf homologe Linienpaare (Spektraianalytische Untersuchung des Dolches des Tut-anch-Amon) (Zusammenfassung). Spectrochimica Acta, 11, p.290. Kalfat, R. and Al-Mahaidi, R. (2015). Finite element investigation into the size effect of bidirectional fibre patch anchors used to enhance the performance of FRP-to-concrete joints. Composite Structures, 121, pp.27-36. Limb, D. (1997). Reconstructive surgery of the joints 2nd Ed. Current Orthopaedics, 11(4), pp.288-289. Mortola, J. and Michael Anch, A. (1978). Chest wall configuration in supine man: Wakefulness and sleep. Respiration Physiology, 35(2), pp.201-213. Powell, E., Anch, A., Dyche, J., Bloom, C. and Richter, R. (1999). The Splay Angle. Physiology Behavior, 67(5), pp.819-821. Susman, E. (2002). Smoking Inflames Joints. Environ Health Perspect, 110(12), pp.a741-a741.